What are the different ways (in Spanish) that Mexicans refer to white people? I'm looking for derogatory terms, polite terms, "correct" terms, anything.

More importantly, as a white female who speaks Spanish (rather, trying to become more fluent), how would I refer to myself?
And as long as everyone's stuck on being PC, I'm referring to Caucasian Americans.
I'd like to point out that I'm NOT referring to Mexicans as a race, and am asking specifically about people from Mexico. Hence, Mexicans. I mean no disrespect.

Hi, well Im from Mexico, Do you think that I speak good in english?, and Do you speak Spanish?

How long would it take to learn and able to speak Spanish to a decent degree?
I also plan to go to some Spanish country (Spain or Mexico) and possibly study there for 1 or 2 semester.
I also used to learn Spanish in HS about 3-4 years ago. Of course I forgot a lot, but still.
I also have plans to study Japanese after I would be decent or fluent in Spanish.